The Standing Problem: How the Court Quietly Narrowed Access to Federal Review
A trio of decisions handed down in the last eighteen months has redrawn the jurisdictional map in ways that most practitioners have not yet fully mapped.
The doctrine of standing has always been the gatekeeping mechanism of federal jurisdiction — the constitutional tripwire that separates live cases from advisory opinions. But something has shifted. In three decisions spanning the last term and a half, the Court has tightened the injury-in-fact requirement in ways that seem, on their face, incremental, but that in aggregate represent a structural realignment of who can challenge whom in federal court. The first signal came in Harwell v. National Environmental Coalition, where the majority opinion — written with the particular economy of language that signals a holding the author expects to be cited often — held that organizational standing requires demonstration of individual member harm that is not merely probabilistic but
“The injury-in-fact requirement has become, in practice, a theory-of-the-case requirement — and that is a different animal entirely.”





